the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.5 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.5 License.
Observations of dissolved iron concentrations in the World Ocean: implications and constraints for ocean biogeochemical models
Abstract. Analysis of a global compilation of dissolved iron observations provides insights into the controlling processes for iron distributions and some constraints for ocean biogeochemical models. The distribution of dissolved iron is consistent with the conceptual model developed for the scavenging of Th isotopes, whereby particle scavenging is a two-step process of scavenging mainly by colloidal and small particulates followed by aggregation and removal on larger sinking particles. Much of the dissolved iron (<0.4 μm) is present as small colloids (>~0.02 μm) and, thus, likely subject to aggregation and scavenging removal. Only the iron bound to soluble ligands (<~0.02 μm) is likely protected from scavenging removal. This implies distinct scavenging regimes for dissolved iron that appear consistent with the observational data: 1) high scavenging regime – where dissolved iron concentrations exceed the concentrations of strongly binding organic ligands; and 2) moderate scavenging regime – where dissolved iron is bound to both colloidal and soluble ligands. The removal rates for dissolved iron will be a function of biological uptake, number and size distributions of the colloidal and small particulate material, ligand dynamics, and the aggregation processes that lead to removal on larger particles.
Inputs from dust deposition and continental sediments are key drivers of dissolved iron distributions. The observations provide several strong constraints for ocean biogeochemical models: 1) similar deep ocean concentrations in the North Atlantic and North Pacific (~0.6–0.8 nM), and much lower deep ocean dissolved iron concentrations in the Southern Ocean (~0.3–0.4 nM); 2) strong depletion of iron in the upper ocean away from the high dust deposition regions, with significant scavenging removal of dissolved iron below the euphotic zone; and 3) a bimodal distribution in surface waters with peaks less than 0.2 nM and between 0.6–0.8 nM. We compare the dissolved iron observations with output from the Biogeochemical Elemental Cycling (BEC) ocean model. The model output was in general agreement with the field data (r=0.76, for depths 103–502 m), but at lower iron concentrations (<0.3 nM) the model is consistently biased high relative to the observations.
- Preprint
(2372 KB) - Metadata XML
-
Supplement
(302 KB) - BibTeX
- EndNote
- RC S534: 'Review of the manuscript by referee', olivier aumont, 22 May 2007
- RC S629: 'review', Anonymous Referee #2, 08 Jun 2007
- SC S998: 'Reply to Review #1 (Aumont)', Jefferson Keith Moore, 30 Jul 2007
- AC S1005: 'Reply to Review #2 (Anonymous)', Jefferson Keith Moore, 30 Jul 2007
- RC S534: 'Review of the manuscript by referee', olivier aumont, 22 May 2007
- RC S629: 'review', Anonymous Referee #2, 08 Jun 2007
- SC S998: 'Reply to Review #1 (Aumont)', Jefferson Keith Moore, 30 Jul 2007
- AC S1005: 'Reply to Review #2 (Anonymous)', Jefferson Keith Moore, 30 Jul 2007
Viewed
HTML | XML | Total | BibTeX | EndNote | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
922 | 1,750 | 67 | 2,739 | 52 | 49 |
- HTML: 922
- PDF: 1,750
- XML: 67
- Total: 2,739
- BibTeX: 52
- EndNote: 49
Cited
18 citations as recorded by crossref.
- From sea squirts to squirrelfish: facultative trace element hyperaccumulation in animals E. Thompson et al. 10.1039/C8MT00078F
- Cyanobacterial Siderophores—Physiology, Structure, Biosynthesis, and Applications E. Årstøl & M. Hohmann-Marriott 10.3390/md17050281
- Metaomics unveils the contribution of Alteromonas bacteria to carbon cycling in marine oxygen minimum zones C. Henríquez-Castillo et al. 10.3389/fmars.2022.993667
- RNA Folding and Catalysis Mediated by Iron (II) S. Athavale et al. 10.1371/journal.pone.0038024
- Distribution of dissolved iron and bacteria producing the photoactive siderophore, vibrioferrin, in waters off Southern California and Northern Baja K. Yarimizu et al. 10.1007/s10534-018-00163-3
- Complete Genome Sequences of Two Phylogenetically Distinct Nitrospina Strains Isolated from the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans B. Bayer et al. 10.1128/mra.00100-22
- High-accuracy determination of iron in seawater by isotope dilution multiple collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ID-MC-ICP-MS) using nitrilotriacetic acid chelating resin for pre-concentration and matrix separation J. de Jong et al. 10.1016/j.aca.2008.06.013
- Role of biology in the air-sea carbon flux in the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea M. Sharada et al. 10.1007/s12040-008-0043-9
- Using BIF magnetite of the Badampahar greenstone belt, Iron Ore Group, East Indian Shield to reconstruct the water chemistry of a 3.3–3.1 Ga sea during iron oxyhydroxides precipitation R. Ghosh & T. Baidya 10.1016/j.precamres.2017.09.006
- Dissolved iron distributions in the central region of the Gulf of California, México J. Segovia-Zavala et al. 10.1016/j.dsr.2009.10.007
- Diverse and Abundant Secondary Metabolism Biosynthetic Gene Clusters in the Genomes of Marine Sponge Derived Streptomyces spp. Isolates S. Jackson et al. 10.3390/md16020067
- Development of a molecular‐based index for assessing iron status in bloom‐forming pennate diatoms A. Marchetti et al. 10.1111/jpy.12539
- Dissolved iron in the Australian sector of the Southern Ocean (CLIVAR SR3 section): Meridional and seasonal trends P. Sedwick et al. 10.1016/j.dsr.2008.03.011
- Iron transport across the skin and gut epithelia of Pacific hagfish: Kinetic characterisation and effect of hypoxia C. Glover et al. 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.04.018
- A water-soluble fluorescence chemosensor for the sequential detection of Zn2+ and pyrophosphate in living cells and zebrafish J. Kang et al. 10.1016/j.dyepig.2018.01.039
- Estimating iron and aluminum removal rates in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean using a box model approach A. Palacz et al. 10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.08.012
- Effects of iron limitation and UV radiation on Phaeocystis antarctica growth and dimethylsulfoniopropionate, dimethylsulfoxide and acrylate concentrations J. Kinsey et al. 10.1071/EN14275
- Influence of pH and Dissolved Organic Matter on Iron Speciation and Apparent Iron Solubility in the Peruvian Shelf and Slope Region K. Zhu et al. 10.1021/acs.est.1c02477